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7D RTK GPS

The highest degree of position and orientation. GPS measurements are taken along 7 Dimensions: Latitude, Longitude, Altitude (XYZ) Roll, Pitch, Yaw, (axis of rotation) and Time.

802.3 Ethernet Networking

The IEEE 802.3 standard enables a forum in which two or more systems can communicate at a low cost across a variety of hardware and networking systems. The typical cable is a Category 5 (CAT5) twisted pair wire with a RJ-45 connector.

802.11 WiFi Networking

802.11 refers to a family of specifications developed by the IEEE for wireless LAN (Local Area Network) technology (WLAN). 802.11 specifies an over-the-air interface between a wireless client and a base station or between two wireless clients.

802.15 Bluetooth Networking

802.15 refers to a short-range radio frequency (RF) technology that is capable of transmitting voice and data. This is referred to as a wireless personal area network (WPAN)

802.16

802.16 refers to an interface developed by the IEEE for fixed-wireless access. An 802.16 wireless service provides a communications path between a subscriber site and a core network.

1451 Smart Transducers

1451 refers to an open standard which enables smart sensors to convert some physical phenomenon into digital information and provide that information in scaled engineering units to a multinode network of smart sensors. This information can be then be simply acquired and analyzed on a PC.

A

Accuracy

Degree of conformity of a measure to a standard or a true value.

Agronomist

One who is versed in the management of land; rural economy; agriculture.

AutoFarm

The premier GPS precision farming product that allows farmers to quickly and easily increase productivity throughout the crop cycle, year after year.

AutoLevel

The most precise land leveling system that automatically accounts for the curvature of the earth through continuous monitoring of global GPS reference points.

AutoSteer

The premier sub-inch positioning and control system that allows farmers to quickly and easily increase productivity throughout the crop cycle, year after year.

B

Base Station

Also called a reference station. A receiver that is set up on a known location specifically to collect data for differentially correcting rover files. The base station calculates the error for each satellite and, through differential correction, improves the accuracy of GPS positions collected at unknown locations by a roving GPS receiver.

C

CAN

Controller Area Network is a protocol which provides two communication services: the sending of a message and the requesting of a message. CAN enables the network to continue to operate even if one node is defective and will retransmit faulty messages.

Connectivity

Refers to a program or device's ability to link with other programs and devices.

Communication Infrastructure

Describes the framework for enabling secure communications. A wired infrastructure includes the cabling and routers. A wireless infrastructure includes the access points or towers needed to establish the wireless network.

Coordinate System-Local

Where a position is identified with respect to a locally well-defined coordinate system.

Coordinate System-Absolute

Where a position is identified with respect to a well-defined coordinate system, commonly a geocentric system (i.e., a system whose point of origin coincides with the center of mass of the earth).

D

DGPS

Differential GPS involves the cooperation of two receivers, one that's stationary and another that's roving around making position measurements to eliminate any errors that might occur in Standard GPS.

E

EGNOS

EGNOS will augment the two military satellite navigation systems now operating, the US GPS and Russian GLONASS systems, and make them suitable for safety critical applications. EGNOS will achieve its aim by transmitting a signal containing information on the reliability and accuracy of the positioning signals sent out by GPS and GLONASS.

F

G

Galileo

Galileo will be Europe ’s own global navigation satellite system, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control. It will be inter-operable with GPS and GLONASS, the two other global satellite navigation systems.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

A computer based system that is capable of collecting, managing and analyzing geographic spatial data. This capability includes storing and utilizing maps, displaying the results of data queries and conducting spatial analysis.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

A system for providing precise location which is based on data transmitted from a constellation of 24 satellites

GLONASS

Global Navigation Satellite System - This is the Russian counterpart to GPS. GLONASS provides worldwide coverage, however, its accuracy performance os optimized for the northern latitudes.

GNSS

GNSS stands for G lobal Navigation Satellite System . A GNSS uses satellite positioning techniques to provide users with accurate and timely navigation information. A GNSS must include: real time navigation information, autonomous integrity checking and accuracy sufficient for safe navigation.

H

HDOP

Horizontal Dilution Of Precision is a measure of how well the positions of the satellites, used to generate the Latitude and Longitude solutions, are arranged. Higher HDOP values, which are less accurate, can be caused if the satellites are at high elevations.

I

ISO 11783

ISO 11783 as a whole specifies a serial data network for control and communications on forestry or agricultural tractors and mounted, semi-mounted, towed or self-propelled implements. Its purpose is to standardize the method and format of transfer of data between sensor, actuators, control elements, and information-storage and -display units, whether mounted on, or part of, the tractor or implement.

IntegriNautics

The former name of our company.

J

K

L

L-Band, L1/L2

The group of radio frequencies extending from 390 MHz to 1550 MHz. The GPS carrier frequencies L1 (15735 MHz) and L2 (1227.6 MHz) are in the L-band. The L1 signal carries a publicly usable coarse-acquisition (C/A) code as well as an encrypted P(Y) code. The L2 signal usually carries only the P(Y) code. The keys required to directly use the P(Y) code are tightly controlled by the U.S. government and are generally provided only for military use.

Logic7D Control System

Logic 7D tm control system software delivers unmatched precision vehicle control in challenging conditions. This technology leverages the 7D RTK GPS positioning receiver and makes is easy to interoperable across the broadest range of vehicles and other industry leading solutions.

M

MEMS

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. .. MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, making possible the realization of complete systems-on-a-chip.

Mesh Networking

The signature of a mesh network is that there is no central orchestrating device. Instead, each node is outfitted with radio communications gear and acts as a relay point for other nodes. Mesh networks can be more reliable than other kinds of networks, because if a single node goes down, other nodes are available. The network nodes can reassemble themselves to fit changing environments.

N

Novariant

Novariant (formerly IntegriNautics) is the premier industrial solutions provider for precision positioning, intelligent control systems, and positioning infrastructures.

NMEA (2000)

NMEA is a standard that defines an electrical interface and data protocol used by GPS receivers to transmit data originally used between marine instrumentation.

NMEA 2000 – The standard contains the requirements of a serial data communications network to inter-connect marine electronic equipment on vessels. It is multi-master and self configuring, and there is no central network controller. Equipment designed to this standard will have the ability to share data, including commands and status with other compatible equipment over a single channel.

O

OmniSTAR

OmniSTAR is a wide-area differential GPS service, using satellite broadcast techniques. Data from many widely-spaced Reference Stations is used in a proprietary multi-site solution to achieve sub-meter positioning over most land areas worldwide.

P

PDOP

Positional Dilution Of Precision is a measure of overall uncertainty in a GPS position solution. The best PDOP (lowest value) would occur with one satellite directly overhead and three others evenly spaced about the horizon.

Peer to Peer

A type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others.

Point to Point

Communications between two designated stations only.

PRN number

Pseudo-random noise, a sequence of digital 1's and 0's which appears to be randomly distributed like noise, but can be exactly reproduced.

Pseudolite

A ground-based differential GPS receiver which transmits a signal like that of an actual GPS satellite, and can be used for ranging. Also see Terralite.

Precision

The degree of refinement with which an operation is performed or a measurement stated.

Q

R

Real-time Kinematic (RTK)

RTK is a method used to obtain centimeter level positions in real-time. It is used for a variety of surveying and machine guidance/control operations. To achieve RTK accuracies, reference/base station and a communications link to mobile carrier-phase capable receivers is required.

Receiver

GPS device that receives GPS signal from a satellite or Terralite.

Repeater

A device that extends signal range by rebroadcasting the source signal(s).

Rover

Any mobile GPS receiver collecting data during a field session. The receiver's position can be computed relative to another, stationary GPS receiver typically called a base or reference station.

S

T

TDOP

Time Dilution Of Precision is a measure of how the satellite geometry is affecting the ability of the GPS receiver to determine time.

U

USB 2.0

USB 2.0 is an external bus (a collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another) that supports data rates up to 480 megabits per second.

V

Variable-Rate Technology (VRT)

VRT consists of the machines and systems for applying a desired rate of crop production materials at a specific time (and, by implication, a specific location).

VDOP

Vertical Dilution Of Precision is a measure of how well the positions of the satellites, used to generate the vertical component of a solution, are arranged. Higher VDOP values mean less certainty in the solutions and can be caused if the satellites are at low elevations.

W

WAAS

Wide Area Augmentation System is a FAA funded system of equipment and software that augments GPS. The WAAS provides a satellite signal for WAAS users to support enroute and precision approach aircraft navigation.

Available at thousands of airports and airstrips where there is currently no precision landing capability across the United States .

Accuracy performance of 1 – 2 meters horizontal and 2 –3 meters vertical throughout the majority of the continental U.S. and portions of Alaska .

WiMax

Acronym for W orldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, also known as IEEE 802.16a, which provides wireless, last-mile broadband access and can transfer a signal over a distance of 30 miles (48 kms) to thousands of users from a single base station. 802.16a greatly improves non-line-of-sight performance, and it is the most appropriate technology available when obstacles such as trees and buildings are present.

X

Y

Z